Class 12 NCERT Curriculum for NEET
Class 12 forms approximately 48–50% of the entire NEET question paper. Review all 31 chapters categorized by priority and core examination focus.
| Subject | Unit | Chapter Title | NEET Priority | Key Conceptual Focus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BIOLOGY | Reproduction | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants | Very High | Microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, pollen-pistil interaction, double fertilization, endosperm types, apomixis & polyembryony |
| BIOLOGY | Reproduction | Human Reproduction | Very High | Male & female reproductive system anatomy, Spermatogenesis vs Oogenesis, Menstrual cycle hormone graphs (LH surge, progesterone), Fertilization & implantation |
| BIOLOGY | Reproduction | Reproductive Health | High | Contraceptive methods (barrier, IUDs, hormonal pills, surgical), Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP), Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART: IVF, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI) |
| BIOLOGY | Genetics and Evolution | Principles of Inheritance and Variation | Top Priority | Mendelian laws, incomplete dominance, codominance (ABO), sex determination, linkage & recombination (Morgan's fruit fly), pedigree analysis, chromosomal & Mendelian disorders (Sickle cell, Thalassemia, Hemophilia) |
| BIOLOGY | Genetics and Evolution | Molecular Basis of Inheritance | Top Priority | DNA structure (Watson-Crick), Griffith & Hershey-Chase experiments, Meselson-Stahl semi-conservative proof, Replication fork enzymes, Transcription & post-transcriptional processing, Genetic code features, Lac Operon regulation, Human Genome Project |
| BIOLOGY | Genetics and Evolution | Evolution | High | Origin of life (Miller-Urey experiment), homologous vs analogous organs (divergent vs convergent evolution), Natural selection (industrial melanism), Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium calculation, Human evolution sequence |
| BIOLOGY | Biology in Human Welfare | Human Health and Disease | Very High | Pathogens (Plasmodium life cycle, Typhoid, Pneumonia, Amoebiasis, Ringworm), Innate vs acquired immunity, Antibody structure, Allergies, Autoimmunity, AIDS retrovirus cycle, Cancer biology, Drug & alcohol abuse |
| BIOLOGY | Biology in Human Welfare | Microbes in Human Welfare | High | Household microbes (LAB), Industrial products (fermentors, antibiotics, statins, cyclosporin A), Sewage treatment (primary vs secondary aeration), Biogas production, Biocontrol agents & Biofertilizers |
| BIOLOGY | Biotechnology | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes | Very High | Restriction endonucleases, Gel electrophoresis, pBR322 cloning vector features (ori, selectable markers rop), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR steps: denaturation, annealing, extension), Bioreactors |
| BIOLOGY | Biotechnology | Biotechnology and its Applications | High | Bt cotton (cry genes), RNA interference (RNAi in tobacco nematode), Genetically engineered insulin (humulin chain A & B disulfide bonds), Gene therapy for ADA deficiency, Transgenic animals & Ethical issues |
| BIOLOGY | Ecology and Environment | Organisms and Populations | High | Abiotic factors adaptations, Population growth models (exponential vs logistic), Age pyramids, Population interactions (mutualism, commensalism, competition, predation, parasitism) |
| BIOLOGY | Ecology and Environment | Ecosystem | High | Productivity (GPP, NPP), Decomposition steps (fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification, mineralization), Energy flow (10% law), Ecological pyramids |
| BIOLOGY | Ecology and Environment | Biodiversity and Conservation | High | Levels of biodiversity, Species-Area relationship (Alexander von Humboldt), Causes of loss (The Evil Quartet), In-situ vs Ex-situ conservation techniques |
| PHYSICS | Electrostatics | Electric Charges, Fields and Potential | Very High | Coulomb's law in vector form, electric field lines, electric dipole in uniform field, Gauss's theorem applications, electric potential, capacitance of parallel plate capacitor with dielectric, energy stored |
| PHYSICS | Current Electricity | Current Electricity | Top Priority | Drift velocity and mobility, Ohm's law, resistivity temperature coefficient, Kirchhoff's junction & loop rules, Wheatstone bridge condition, cell EMF and internal resistance, combination of cells |
| PHYSICS | Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism | Moving Charges, Magnetism & Matter | Very High | Biot-Savart law, circular coil magnetic field, Ampere's circuital law, Lorentz force, force between parallel currents, torque on magnetic dipole, moving coil galvanometer conversion to ammeter/voltmeter, dia/para/ferromagnetism |
| PHYSICS | Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents | EMI and Alternating Currents | Very High | Faraday's laws of induction, Lenz's law, motional EMF, self and mutual inductance, AC circuit with L, C, R in series, phasor diagram, resonance frequency and Q-factor, power in AC circuit (power factor), transformer efficiency |
| PHYSICS | Optics | Ray Optics and Optical Instruments | Top Priority | Total internal reflection and critical angle, refraction through spherical surfaces and lens maker's formula, power of combination of lenses, prism deviation formula, simple & compound microscope, astronomical telescope magnifying power |
| PHYSICS | Optics | Wave Optics | High | Huygens' principle wavefronts, Young's double slit experiment (YDSE) fringe width derivation, condition for constructive & destructive interference, single slit diffraction pattern central maxima width |
| PHYSICS | Modern Physics | Dual Nature, Atoms and Nuclei | Top Priority | Photoelectric effect (Einstein equation, threshold frequency, stopping potential graphs), de Broglie wavelength formula, Bohr model of hydrogen atom (energy levels, Rydberg formula spectral series), mass defect & binding energy per nucleon, nuclear fission & fusion |
| PHYSICS | Electronic Devices | Semiconductor Electronics | Very High | Intrinsic vs extrinsic semiconductors (p-type and n-type), p-n junction diode forward and reverse bias characteristics, half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, logic gates (NOT, OR, AND, NOR, NAND truth tables) |
| CHEMISTRY | Physical Chemistry | Solutions | Very High | Raoult's law, ideal vs non-ideal solutions with positive & negative deviations, Colligative properties (vapour pressure lowering, elevation in boiling point, depression in freezing point, osmotic pressure), Van't Hoff factor (i) |
| CHEMISTRY | Physical Chemistry | Electrochemistry | Very High | Galvanic cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation calculations, conductivity and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch's law, Faraday's laws of electrolysis, batteries and fuel cells |
| CHEMISTRY | Physical Chemistry | Chemical Kinetics | Very High | Rate of reaction, rate law and order vs molecularity, integrated rate equations for zero and first order reactions, half-life formulas, Arrhenius equation for temperature dependence of reaction rate |
| CHEMISTRY | Inorganic Chemistry | d- and f-Block Elements | Very High | Electronic configurations, transition element properties (variable oxidation states, catalytic properties, colored ions, magnetic moments), KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 preparation & reactions, Lanthanoid contraction and consequences |
| CHEMISTRY | Inorganic Chemistry | Coordination Compounds | Top Priority | Werner's theory, IUPAC nomenclature of complexes, isomerism (structural and geometrical/optical stereoisomerism), Valence Bond Theory (inner vs outer orbital complexes), Crystal Field Theory (crystal field splitting in octahedral & tetrahedral complexes, spectrochemical series) |
| CHEMISTRY | Organic Chemistry | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | Very High | SN1 vs SN2 reaction mechanism comparisons (stereochemistry, carbocation rearrangement, solvent effects), electrophilic substitution in haloarenes, Grignard reagent preparation, environmental polyhalogen compounds |
| CHEMISTRY | Organic Chemistry | Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | Very High | Preparation of alcohols, acidity of alcohols vs phenols, Lucas test, Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Kolbe's reaction, Williamson ether synthesis and cleavage of ethers with HI |
| CHEMISTRY | Organic Chemistry | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | Top Priority | Nucleophilic addition reactions, Aldol and cross-aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Clemmensen and Wolff-Kishner reductions, Tollens' and Fehling's tests, acidity of carboxylic acids, Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky (HVZ) reaction |
| CHEMISTRY | Organic Chemistry | Amines | High | Basicity of amines in gas phase vs aqueous solution, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, Hoffmann bromamide degradation, Carbylamine test, Hinsberg test, Diazonium salts preparation and synthetic applications (Sandmeyer reaction) |
| CHEMISTRY | Organic / Biochemistry | Biomolecules | High | Carbohydrates classification (reducing vs non-reducing sugars, glucose ring structure), Proteins (amino acids, peptide linkage, denaturation, primary to quaternary structure), Vitamins and Nucleic acids |